(實(shí)用干貨) - Spring Boot集成發(fā)送郵件Mail完整示例代碼

作中經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到發(fā)郵件的功能，如郵件預(yù)警，注冊(cè)時(shí)發(fā)一個(gè)郵件確認(rèn)等，這里給出在Spring Boot中發(fā)送郵件的完整集成示例

郵件發(fā)送支持的內(nèi)容類型如下：

發(fā)送簡(jiǎn)單郵件。
發(fā)送html格式的郵件
發(fā)送帶附件簡(jiǎn)單郵件
發(fā)送模板郵件

1. pom.xml

發(fā)送模板郵件需要用到spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf，其他其他郵件內(nèi)容不需要該依賴

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. application.properties

spring.mail.host=smtp.163.com
spring.mail.username=xxx@163.com
# 注意這里的密碼不是郵箱的登錄密碼
spring.mail.password=郵箱客戶端授權(quán)碼
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true

注意：如果密碼不對(duì)在發(fā)送郵件中會(huì)報(bào)異常javax.mail.AuthenticationFailedException: 535 Error, 如果設(shè)置了也開(kāi)啟了還是不行再重新設(shè)置一下

3. MailUtil

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.mail.MailException;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;
@Component
public class MailUtil {
 private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
 @Autowired
 JavaMailSender mailSender;
 @Autowired
 TemplateEngine templateEngine;
 /**
 * 發(fā)送簡(jiǎn)單郵件
 * @param from 發(fā)送人
 * @param to 接收人
 * @param carbonCopy 抄送人
 * @param subject 主題
 * @param content 內(nèi)容
 */
 public void sendSimpleEmail(String from, String[] to, String[] carbonCopy, String subject, String content) {
 long startTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
 logger.info("Start send mail ... ");
 try {
 SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
 message.setFrom(from);
 message.setTo(to);
 message.setCc(carbonCopy);
 message.setSubject(subject);
 message.setText(content);
 mailSender.send(message);
 logger.info("Send mail success, cost {} million seconds", System.currentTimeMillis() - startTimestamp);
 } catch (MailException e) {
 logger.error("Send mail failed, error message is : {} \n", e.getMessage());
 }
 }
 /**
 * 發(fā)送html郵件
 */
 public void sendHtmlEmail(String deliver, String[] receiver, String[] carbonCopy, String subject, String content, boolean isHtml) {
 long startTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
 logger.info("Start send email ...");
 try {
 MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
 MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(message);
 messageHelper.setFrom(deliver);
 messageHelper.setTo(receiver);
 messageHelper.setCc(carbonCopy);
 messageHelper.setSubject(subject);
 messageHelper.setText(content, isHtml);
 mailSender.send(message);
 logger.info("Send email success, cost {} million seconds", System.currentTimeMillis() - startTimestamp);
 } catch (MessagingException e) {
 logger.error("Send email failed, error message is {} \n", e.getMessage());
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 /**
 * 發(fā)送帶附件的郵件
 */
 public void sendAttachmentFileEmail(String deliver, String[] receiver, String[] carbonCopy, String subject, String content, boolean isHtml, String fileName, File file) {
 long startTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
 logger.info("Start send mail ...");
 try {
 MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
 MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
 messageHelper.setFrom(deliver);
 messageHelper.setTo(receiver);
 messageHelper.setCc(carbonCopy);
 messageHelper.setSubject(subject);
 messageHelper.setText(content, isHtml);
 messageHelper.addAttachment(fileName, file);
 mailSender.send(message);
 logger.info("Send mail success, cost {} million seconds", System.currentTimeMillis() - startTimestamp);
 } catch (MessagingException e) {
 logger.error("Send mail failed, error message is {}\n", e.getMessage());
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 /**
 * 發(fā)送模板郵件
 */
 public void sendTemplateEmail(String deliver, String[] receiver, String[] carbonCopy, String subject, String template, Context context) {
 long startTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
 logger.info("Start send mail ...");
 try {
 MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
 MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(message);
 String content = templateEngine.process(template, context);
 messageHelper.setFrom(deliver);
 messageHelper.setTo(receiver);
 messageHelper.setCc(carbonCopy);
 messageHelper.setSubject(subject);
 messageHelper.setText(content, true);
 mailSender.send(message);
 logger.info("Send mail success, cost {} million seconds", System.currentTimeMillis() - startTimestamp);
 } catch (MessagingException e) {
 logger.error("Send mail failed, error message is {} \n", e.getMessage());
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
}

src/main/resource/templates/mailTemplate.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
[[${content}]] <br/>
[[${content}]] <br/>
[[${content}]] <br/>
</body>
</html>

4. Test

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MailApplicationTests {
 @Autowired
 private MailUtil mailUtil;
 @Test
 public void sendSimpleEmail() {
 String deliver = "xxx@163.com";
 String[] receiver = {"xxx@gmail.com"};
 String[] carbonCopy = {"xxx@qq.com"};
 String subject = "This is a simple email";
 String content = "This is a simple content";
 try {
 mailUtil.sendSimpleEmail(deliver, receiver, carbonCopy, subject, content);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 assertFalse("Send simple email failed", true);
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 @Test
 public void sendHtmlMail(){
 String deliver = "xxx@163.com";
 String[] receiver = {"xxx@gmail.com"};
 String[] carbonCopy = {"xxx@qq.com"};
 String subject = "退信代碼說(shuō)明";
 String content = "<h1>org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Failed messages: " +
 "com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPSendFailedException: 554 DT:SPM 163 smtp9,DcCowAAXf2r4c8da2cPWBQ--." +
 "33626S3 1523020853,please see " +
 "http://mail.163.com/help/help_spam_16.htm?ip=43.243.148.212&hostid=smtp9&time=1523020853</h1>";
 boolean isHtml = true;
 mailUtil.sendHtmlEmail(deliver, receiver, carbonCopy, subject, content, isHtml);
 }
 @Test
 public void sendAttachmentFileEmail() {
 String FILE_PATH = "/Users/mengday/Desktop/02.png";
 String deliver = "xxx@163.com";
 String[] receiver = {"xxx@gmail.com"};
 String[] carbonCopy = {"xxx@qq.com"};
 String subject = "退信代碼說(shuō)明";
 String content = "<h1>org.springframework.mail.MailSendException: Failed messages: " +
 "com.sun.mail.smtp.SMTPSendFailedException: 554 DT:SPM 163 smtp9,DcCowAAXf2r4c8da2cPWBQ--." +
 "33626S3 1523020853,please see " +
 "http://mail.163.com/help/help_spam_16.htm?ip=43.243.148.212&hostid=smtp9&time=1523020853</h1>";
 boolean isHtml = true;
 File file = new File(FILE_PATH);
 String fileName = FILE_PATH.substring(FILE_PATH.lastIndexOf(File.separator));
 try {
 mailUtil.sendAttachmentFileEmail(deliver, receiver, carbonCopy, subject, content, isHtml, fileName, file);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 assertFalse("Send attachment file email failed", true);
 }
 }
 @Test
 public void sendTemplateEmail() {
 String deliver = "xxx@163.com";
 String[] receiver = {"xxx@gmail.com"};
 String[] carbonCopy = {"xxx@qq.com"};
 String subject = "DT:SPM 發(fā)送的郵件內(nèi)容包含了未被許可的信息，或被系統(tǒng)識(shí)別為垃圾郵件。請(qǐng)檢查是否有用戶發(fā)送病毒或者垃圾郵件";
 String template = "mailTemplate";
 String content = "554 DT:SPM 發(fā)送的郵件內(nèi)容包含了未被許可的信息，或被系統(tǒng)識(shí)別為垃圾郵件。請(qǐng)檢查是否有用戶發(fā)送病毒或者垃圾郵件";
 Context context = new Context();
 context.setVariable("content", content);
 try {
 mailUtil.sendTemplateEmail(deliver, receiver, carbonCopy, subject, template, context);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 assertFalse("Send template email failed", true);
 }
 }
}

注意：如果標(biāo)題和內(nèi)容過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單，或者包含test之類的內(nèi)容，163會(huì)認(rèn)為這是垃圾郵件，會(huì)造成發(fā)送失敗，報(bào)以下異常，解決辦法就是將發(fā)送的表體和內(nèi)容寫的比較真實(shí)點(diǎn)

Python中，可以使用smtplib庫(kù)和email庫(kù)來(lái)發(fā)送郵件。以下是一個(gè)基本的示例，展示如何使用這些庫(kù)來(lái)發(fā)送一封簡(jiǎn)單的郵件。

步驟 1: 安裝必要的庫(kù)

smtplib和email是Python的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)，通常不需要單獨(dú)安裝。但是，如果你使用的是一個(gè)精簡(jiǎn)的Python環(huán)境，可能需要確保這些庫(kù)是可用的。

步驟 2: 編寫郵件發(fā)送腳本

Python

1import smtplib
2from email.mime.text import MIMEText
3from email.header import Header
4
5# 發(fā)件人郵箱
6sender = 'your_email@example.com'
7# 收件人郵箱
8receiver = 'receiver_email@example.com'
9# 發(fā)送郵件的SMTP服務(wù)器
10smtp_server = 'smtp.example.com'
11# 發(fā)件人的郵箱密碼或授權(quán)碼
12password = 'your_password'
13
14# 郵件內(nèi)容
15mail_content = '這是郵件的正文內(nèi)容。'
16# 郵件主題
17mail_subject = '郵件的主題'
18
19# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)MIMEText對(duì)象
20message = MIMEText(mail_content, 'plain', 'utf-8')
21message['From'] = Header("發(fā)件人名稱", 'utf-8')
22message['To'] = Header("收件人名稱", 'utf-8')
23message['Subject'] = Header(mail_subject, 'utf-8')
24
25try:
26    # 連接SMTP服務(wù)器
27    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 587)
28    # 開(kāi)啟TLS加密（某些服務(wù)器需要）
29    smtpObj.starttls()
30    # 登錄SMTP服務(wù)器
31    smtpObj.login(sender, password)
32    # 發(fā)送郵件
33    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receiver, message.as_string())
34    print("郵件發(fā)送成功！")
35except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
36    print("Error: 無(wú)法發(fā)送郵件，錯(cuò)誤信息：", e)
37finally:
38    # 關(guān)閉連接
39    smtpObj.quit()

注意事項(xiàng)：

SMTP服務(wù)器和端口：不同的郵件服務(wù)商有不同的SMTP服務(wù)器地址和端口號(hào)。例如，Gmail的SMTP服務(wù)器是smtp.gmail.com，端口號(hào)是587。
授權(quán)碼：對(duì)于某些郵件服務(wù)商，如Gmail，你需要使用應(yīng)用密碼（也叫授權(quán)碼）而不是你的登錄密碼來(lái)發(fā)送郵件，因?yàn)橹苯邮褂玫卿浢艽a可能會(huì)被阻止。
TLS/SSL加密：大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代郵件服務(wù)都要求使用TLS或SSL加密來(lái)保證通信安全。在連接SMTP服務(wù)器時(shí)，確保使用starttls()或SMTP_SSL類來(lái)啟用加密。
郵件格式：上面的例子使用的是純文本郵件。如果你想發(fā)送HTML格式的郵件或包含附件的郵件，可以使用email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart和相關(guān)的子類來(lái)構(gòu)建郵件。

通過(guò)調(diào)整上述代碼中的SMTP服務(wù)器、端口、用戶名、密碼以及郵件內(nèi)容和接收者，你可以根據(jù)自己的需求發(fā)送郵件。

為數(shù)據(jù)分析師,經(jīng)常性的會(huì)需要到服務(wù)器上做一些取數(shù)/數(shù)據(jù)清洗的工作,但往往這些工作會(huì)特別耗時(shí),如果我們可以在我們的腳本中加入郵件提醒的功能,提醒我們?nèi)蝿?wù)完成,那效率會(huì)提升很多

一般發(fā)郵件方法

我以前在通過(guò)Python實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化郵件功能的時(shí)候是這樣的：

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
# 發(fā)送郵箱服務(wù)器
smtpserver = 'smtp.sina.com'
# 發(fā)送郵箱用戶/密碼
user = 'username@sina.com'
password = '123456'
# 發(fā)送郵箱
sender = 'username@sina.com'
# 接收郵箱
receiver = 'receive@126.com'
# 發(fā)送郵件主題
subject = 'Python email test'
# 編寫HTML類型的郵件正文
msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好！</h1></html>','html','utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
# 連接發(fā)送郵件
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect(smtpserver)
smtp.login(user, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

其實(shí)，這段代碼也并不復(fù)雜，只要你理解使用過(guò)郵箱發(fā)送郵件，那么以下問(wèn)題是你必須要考慮的：

你登錄的郵箱帳號(hào)/密碼
對(duì)方的郵箱帳號(hào)
郵件內(nèi)容（標(biāo)題，正文，附件）
郵箱服務(wù)器（SMTP.xxx.com/pop3.xxx.com）

yagmail 實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)郵件

yagmail 可以更簡(jiǎn)單的來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)發(fā)郵件功能。

github項(xiàng)目地址: https://github.com/kootenpv/yagmail

安裝

pip install yagmail

簡(jiǎn)單例子

import yagmail
#鏈接郵箱服務(wù)器
yag = yagmail.SMTP( user="user@126.com", password="1234", host='smtp.126.com')
# 郵箱正文
contents = ['This is the body, and here is just text http://somedomain/image.png',
 'You can find an audio file attached.', '/local/path/song.mp3']
# 發(fā)送郵件
yag.send('taaa@126.com', 'subject', contents)

總共四行代碼搞定，是不是比上面的例子簡(jiǎn)單太多了。

給多個(gè)用戶發(fā)送郵件,只需要將接收郵箱變成一個(gè)list即可。

yag.send(['aa@126.com','bb@qq.com','cc@gmail.com'], 'subject', contents)

發(fā)送帶附件的郵件,只需要添加要發(fā)送的附件列表即可

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